Exam Study Guide free essay sample

The degree to which the overview reactions are inside reliable. Cronbach’s alpha: Test-retest unwavering quality: The capacity of a similar instrument to create steady outcomes when utilized a second time under conditions as comparative as conceivable to the first conditions. * Be comfortable with the means in the estimation improvement process (McDaniel’s graph) Slide 3 CH 10. * Know the contrast between a constitutive and operational meaning of a given develop. Slide 4) * Constitutive: equivocalness is an immediate capacity of the disparity between the data accessible to the individual and that which is required for sufficient execution of a job. It is the contrast between a person’s real condition of information and the information that gives sufficient fulfillment of that person’s individual needs and qualities. * Operational: Role vagueness is the measure of vulnerability (going from questionable to sure on a five-point scale) an individual feels with respect to work job obligations and desires from different representatives and clients. 6. To the protest that permitting killing would subvert general trust in medicinal services administrations giving ideal consideration to biting the dust patients, Brock answers: There is no motivation to expect that willful extermination will disintegrate patients trust if just deliberate willful extermination is permitted. 7. Among the moral contemplations identifying with hereditary testing are the accompanying: a. do guardians reserve the option to be educated regarding all the consequences of a hereditary test? b. does an individual reserve an option to have kids who are probably going to be impeded? c. should open assets be utilized to pay for hereditary esting when individuals can't pay? 8. Helpful disinfection is the end of the capacity to deliver posterity if the mother’s life or emotional well-being is at serious risk. 9. With regards to killing, the elusive slant contention is the possibility that it will in the end lead to a reducing of our regard of life. 10. Maltrea tment of laws allowing dynamic willful extermination can be forestalled by doing the accompanying: a. ensure that it is the patient willfully settling on the choice to have it. b. ensure that there is no possibility of recuperation for the patient. c. he quiet should feel that they are not being a weight to their family due to their disease. 11. Among the advantages of hereditary testing are the accompanying: a. improves the lives of the guardians and now and again, the kid b. gives help to guardians who wish to settle on levelheaded choices in regards to their family arranging 12. Moral contemplations with proxy parenthood incorporate the accompanying: a. is it option to request that a proxy mother surrender all rights to an infant she conveyed for nine months? b. potential court fights over guardianship of a youngster imagined outside of marriage. c. uture passionate misery when the youngster discovers that they were purposely detracted from their normal mother. 13. Unprecedented consideration implies when thinking about a senseless patient, one ought to include: B. CPR, mechanical breathing 14. The arrangement of conditions that must be available to decide whether a patient is an irreversible unconsciousness is known as the Harvard Criteria. 15. The consideration given to in critical condition patients that comprise of solace measures and side effect control is alluded to as palliative consideration. 16. The Baby M case is a case of: C. issues experienced because of the utilization of a substitute 7. A barren couple who doesn't wish to receive has the choice of substitute parenthood. 18. While the objective of restorative hereditary mediations is to reestablish the patient to the best condition of wellbeing as could reasonably be expected, the objective of nontherapeutic or upgrade hereditary designing is to enhance an in any case solid body. 19. A reasonable baby is one who can make due after birth. 20. Give instances of standard versus re markable methods utilized in the treatment of in critical condition: customary incorporates treatment that is ethically required, for example, giving liquids and giving solace measures. xtraordinary incorporates techniques and medicines that are ethically disposable, model: giving chemotherapy to a patient who has end stage disease 21. The Karen Ann Quinlan case included: C. expulsion of a respirator from an out cold patient 22. A kind of repayment that permits individuals with terminal sicknesses, for example, AIDS, to acquire cash from their protection strategies by selling them is known as a viatical repayment. 23. The Karen Ann Quinlan case is a case of: C. pulling back treatment 24. What are a portion of the measures to survey personal satisfaction? a. general wellbeing b. physical capacity c. social capacity d. torment e. psychological well-being 25. What estimates does palliative consideration incorporate? a. comfort estimates b. indication control for torment, brevity of breath, bolster treatment, and so forth c. alleviation of agony and enduring d. make the finish of-life period a significant encounter for the patient 26. For what reason did the specialists endeavor to isolate conjoined twins Laden and Laleh Bijani whenever the odds of endurance were clearly exceptionally thin? ecause he was convinced to continue with the activity dependent on clinical proof and the powerful urge of the twins to be isolated; he needed to ensure they had their most obvious opportunity. 27. What are the Kubler-ross’s five phases of biting the dust? 1. Forswearing 2. Outrage 3. Haggling 4. Despondency 5. Acknowledgment 28. Individuals who are against willful exterminatio n offer the accompanying reasons: a. probability of mixed up analysis b. question about how willful a patient’s decision is c. it misshapes the ethical duty of specialists. The job of the specialist is to think about his patients, not to abbreviate their lives. 29. Hereditary advising includes examination and guidance through meeting and conferencing with planned guardians to decide: the danger of giving a hereditary malady to their posterity. 30. A proxy mother is a lady who: a lady who is conveying the ovum of the spouse or another lady who can't conceive an offspring, and the husband’s sperm to in the end birth a youngster they are bound under agreement to surrender the kid during childbirth to the couple they consented to finish this with. Most are paid from $20-25,000 in clinical costs. 31. To the possibility that dynamic willful killing is contradictory with the octor’s moral responsibility to think about patients and secure life, Brock answers: the promise to self assurance and prosperity should be at the focal point of clinical practice, not simply saving life. 32. For Rachels, the qualification among dynamic and uninvolved willful extermination regularly prompts choices concerning life and passing made on the ordinary reg ulation. 33. On the issue of willful extermination, Rachels contends that â€Å"letting die,† or â€Å"doing nothing,† is a type of aloof killing. 34. For James Rachels, the Standard View isn't right. In the event that dynamic willful extermination is here and there reasonable, at that point inactive killing is likewise now and again once in a while allowable.

The Refugee Convention for Limitations - myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Why the displaced person show be changed? 2.How and what effect will the corrected evacuee show have? Answers: Presentation The United Nations Convention related with the remaining of displaced people was shaped in the year 1951. It is famously alluded as The Refugee Convention. It has been made to secure the privileges of individuals who have a danger of abuse in their particular nations. It came without hesitation on 22nd April 1954. The show was framed after the occasions of the lamentable World War II wherein a huge number of individuals had to move inside Europe. Henceforth, constrained relocation appeared because of the disengagement. According to one of the US State Department report it has been perceived as one of the greatest occupant development over the world (Berg, 2011). At first, it was confined to secure European displaced people. Nonetheless, in the year 1967, a convention was discharged with a change which evacuated such limitation and extended its inclusion inferable from worldwide dislodging issue. The Convention plainly states who an evacuee is and all the rights for example legitimate, social and so on that an individual is qualified for from the nations who are a piece of the show. Any individual dwelling outside their base nation and is hesitant to return because of balanced danger of badgering based on race, religion, nationality, enrollment of a specific social gathering or political gathering is considered as an outcast (Nasr, 2016). In any case, the show characterizes a displaced person as well as perceives the individuals who are not entitled for such rights like war hoodlums, any individual who has perpetrated some major non-political wrongdoing or any individual who is discovered guilty of acts restricting the principle of the United Nation. It is the responsibility of the state to shield an individual once the individual has been affirmed as an exile. Nonetheless, constrained transients includes the two evacuees just as individuals who are compelled to move inside t he nation. Obviously, outcasts are a sub class of constrained transient. The universal law doesn't shield inside dislodged individuals. Additionally no help is given to them with no guarantees conceded to a displaced person. A large number of people are moving according to the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM) (Joseph, 2016). Be that as it may, the quantity of people relocating inside the nation were practically twofold than outcasts in the late 1990s. Be that as it may, according to article 33 of the said show, the state can't push evacuees to go to a locale where they have a danger of abuse barring the individuals who posture to be a danger to the countrys security or network. This essential guideline is ordinarily alluded as the standard of non-refoulement. Likewise, no punishment can be forced on the displaced people for entering and withdrawing without assent according to Article 31 of the show. Subsequently, the nations who have marked the report can't bind their freedom of development. Exiles have various of rights and yet are additionally subject as far as the upkeep of peace in their particular host nation. Certain rights allowed to displaced people are the privilege to lodging, the privilege to instruction, the option to get to the courts, the option to work, the privilege to opportunity of religion, the option to be given character and travel records. In any case, no such rights are qualified for inside uprooted individu als. Worldwide security and taking care of critical issues of evacuees is the essential duty of United Nation High Commissioner for displaced people (UNHCR). All inclusive, 142 nations generally called as state parties have consented to the report in arrangement with both the Refugee Convention just as its Protocol. In any case, United States of America is among the three nations which have endorsed to the Protocol while there are two different nations supporting the show. Non-segregation, non-penalisation, and non-refoulement are not many of the essential standards administering the said Convention. The 1951 Convention indicates three strong answers for outcasts: to come back to their own nation willfully (deliberate repatriation); to coordinate in the nation where they get themselves (neighborhood mix); or to resettle in another nation (third nation resettlement) (Koser, 2015). Among all the nations, Australia has been principal benefactor for movement of exiles. Its seaward philanthropic program is generally mainstream and generally welcomed all inclusive. 1. As expressed over, The Refugee Convention, a multi year old show was set up to watch essential privileges of the displaced people. Nonetheless, in the contemporary world, because of contrast in the elements of constrained movement, the show faces some serious issues which should be redressed. Thus, it ought to be corrected. One of the serious issues is that it is a well established show and todays situation is altogether not the same as what it used to be. Right off the bat, there is significant blemish in the meaning of evacuee to the extent the model of constrained movement is concerned. An evacuee has a danger of badgering because of political and common reasons from their own nation. In any case, in todays world, money related misfortune and threatening vibe are the significant reasons for evacuee disengagement. So the enormous number of exiles in the 21st century doesn't agree to the above clarified definition and the Convention stands age-old. The gathering has empowered ord er of shelter searchers as either obstinate and in this manner 'authentic' and legitimate and praiseworthy, or financial and along these lines inconsiderate and exploitative and disgraceful. Another arrangement of disadvantage of the said show incorporates absence of help to evacuees till the time they arrive at their host nation. Additionally, the nations have no impulse of not abusing their own residents and there is no imperative of burden circulation between states. Sporadic appropriation of assets is another difficulty of the show. There has additionally been quick increment in individuals carrying which makes constrained transient increasingly defenseless. Along the Mediterranean Sea course alone, a few experts gauge that bootleggers removed up to $US1 billion from vagrants during the record high year of 2014. (Koser, 2015) An individual is considered as a haven searcher till the time the individual has been affirmed as an exile (Cole, 2015). There are a few issues undoubtedly as they advance lopsided movement and is for the most part connected with debasement. The said show doesn't consider key issues as far as political, fiscal and mutual components that influence the host nation with respect to immense quantities of haven searchers. Additionally, it doesn't offer inclination to those in most extreme need however to the individuals who has the ability to pay. Pushing ahead, there is extraordinary inconsistency on what is being spent and what is being concurred to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for supporting the shelter searcher (Millbank, 2000). Directly, huge number of people who are uprooted inside the nation are past UNHCRs approval which is a significant test for the constrained vagrant. The show is viewed as remainder of cold war. It worked easily till the finish of th e Cold War, yet didn't plan todays worldwide resettlement. In Europe, official remote laborers have consistently been not exactly the refuge searchers since the year 1985. Further, clash among comprehension and pertinence of the show is the other key issue. Germany, Britain, Switzerland and the Netherlands are the four nations in Europe which represents greater part of shelter searchers who moves in the said nations attributable to wide cluster of variables, for example, administration openings, closeness, magnanimity of wellbeing frameworks and so forth. There is no expectation of burden sharing. Most of shelter searchers don't meet the outcast standards because of its hazy definition, they are ordinarily allowed transitory occupant status. The entire system of exile status assurance is costly. In Western nations, haven framework fills in as a resettlement control. The show qualifies any person for apply for outcast status and enter the nation. Accepting states need to experience the entire status assurance process in spite of the way that the vast majority of the applications are foul which thus takes a great deal of time, because of which refuge sea rchers organize out in the host nation and it gets hard to evacuate them regardless of whether they have neglected to meet the said measure. The nonattendance of meaningful authority imperative intensity of the UNHCR and UN documentation when all is said in done is a very much archived one, yet step by step is by all accounts a matter of specific concern given the merciful emergency being looked on genuine premise. Also, the Convention has embraced the idea of outcast to ensure exiles. In todays time, the belief system of the worldwide network has been changed totally. Thus, oust is certifiably not an appropriate goals to outcast issues. There is no limitation in the quantity of individuals who can apply for the said status and the accepting states are under the commitment to offer total lawful help to them. Also, the sum spent on the haven searcher is path higher than what is really spent to satisfy the needs of meriting outcasts. Sex based aimlessness is likewise a disadvantage of the said show. Likewise, open in the host nation don't feel for the shelter searcher similarly as they do with the evident exile. 2. In spite of the fact that, UNHCR who is considered as a sentinel of the Refugee Convention is continually adjusting to adapt up to the changing conditions identified with constrained movement. It is plainly clear from the above downsides that change of the Refugee Convention is energetically suggested. These days, occupant extension, food and vitality limitation, urbanization, natural corruption are a portion of the significant reasons for constrained movement. The idea of outcast ought to be reclassified with the goal that it incorporates ongoing removals as it thinks about just 5 grounds. The Norwegian Refugee Council discharged a report uncovering

#tbt MIT Cribs

#tbt MIT Cribs In a recent concentrated effort to create a professional Tumblr for myself, I found the old blog that I submitted as part of my blogger application way-back-when. Turns out that getting accepted as an admissions blogger as a sophomore has its perks. These freshman-year thoughts just sat unread in a tiny corner of the internet, so I can dust off the MIT-related musings (as opposed to the completely random posts or deep and sometimes angsty thoughts about life/the universe/everything posts) and reuse them in a snazzy little #tbt series. Its always strange to look back upon your past self, what you thought of things, and how little you knew of what was to come. Like in this post I was both excited and terrified to start fresh in a new dorm room, decked out with a couple personal touches from home (hence the cheesy title): MIT Cribs (September 2, 2012) My deepest apologies for the hiatus; now that I’m not at home (where an abundance of free time was a given) I’ve been spending less time on the computer and more actually doing things (“things” being a very broad term, it’s not like I became extremely extroverted over the course of a week). But now that the hectic times of Orientation have subsided, I’ll introduce the interwebz to my final resting place… in other words, my dorm room.   Water bottles! The red one was given out by my high school and has an awesome phoenix design on it, while the white one has the Aperture Laboratories logo and a little spiel about dihydrogen monoxide. Portal and chem nerdiness ftw. Freshman 15, here I come? My dad left me with comfort food, namely Ring Dings or a different brand of Hostess Ding Dongs. Now it’s an ongoing battle between my resolve and my stomach. Art supplies… or some of them. I couldn’t bring my colored pencils or paints, but all my fine point illustration pens, brush pens, and gel pens made the journey in case I’m feeling creative. Pokemon headphones, which I painted. Awesome arrow magnets with profanity. Because I’d prefer not to swear online but am endlessly amused by what these say. (My favorite is, by far, “Don’t F*** This Up”). New planner! Because I’m all grown up and in college now, I selected a fancy Moleskine planner… featuring Charlie Brown and the Peanuts comic strip. Anyway, I love it and the cover reads (fittingly) “This year things are gonna be different!” A book of easy crosswords so I can stick to my resolution, and actually finish the puzzles so I don’t feel  completely  mentally inadequate. My Seattle Seahawks pillow. Even though I’m on the East Coast and the closest NFL team is the New England Patriots, my family has raised me to be a die-hard Seahawks fan and I’m not gonna stop supporting them. Beagles are the most adorable, droopy, (translate: slobbering, conniving but still  lovable)  little dogs there are and I miss Taffy (my beagle) a bunch. I get this type of calendar every year as a Christmas present. Girlfriend Application advertisement for one of my friends. He jokingly mentioned that his goal for the summer between Junior and Senior year was to nab himself a girlfriend, so we (myself and two other friends), took it upon ourselves to give him a hand. It was quite a success, he got numerous applicants (even a teacher, though most of the submitted forms were from men) and was also thoroughly  embarrassed. Nametag? While volunteering at the Seattle Children’s Hospital with my school’s National Art Honor Society, the front desk scanned my ID and printed out this nametag with an unflattering picture of myself and the moniker “Dob Ileycass ka.” Wtf is a “Hello, my name is History Nerd” button doing in my possession? Even though I’ve blatantly (and perhaps a bit narrow-mindedly) proclaimed my hatred of history class and memorizing people, dates, and events… this button is from National History Day, where I’ve had some of my greatest successes in academic competition and had the  privilege  of researching moments in time that actually interest me in the company of great friends. I had to choose some of my very favorite books and DVDs to bring along, because I couldn’t very well pack my entire shelf. I would passionately recommend any of these titles to anyone, just ask my friends (who have heard me rave endlessly about any number of these.) Also, my copy of TFiOS is signed and hanklerfish’d, be jelly ;) Troy and Abed in the Mooooooooorning. ‘Nuff said. Blue canary in the outlet by the light switch who watches over you, make a little birdhouse in your soul. The physical manifestation of the focus of the They Might Be Giants song Birdhouse in your Soul. They’re awesome. A blank deck of playing cards which I intended for friends to draw on so I have a completely unique deck. So far I have a grand total of… one. Just a few more to go, right? And lastly, this is the view out my window, a lovely vista of the Charles River. Plus I can see the soccer fields from here, so maybe I’ll spectate during a couple games. I think I’d rather have several closer friends in my dorm than a million-dollar view, but I guess I can’t be heartbroken over this (unless I really want to be a jerk). If anyone wants to hear a story behind any of the other things on my bulletin board (all of them do have stories of some sort), shelves, desk (which is pretty much empty right now, but will be gaining more clutter shortly), or room in general (like a picture of the other half… right now there’s only one poster, another calendar, and some cabinets), feel free to ask and I’d be more than happy to share!   Despite how cringe-worthy some bits of the post are (what were you thinking, freshman-Ceri, using be jelly unironically!?), it brings back memories of what I was feeling at the time. I was excited for MIT, thats for sure. But I also had no idea what I was doing I remember going through the whirlwind of FYRE  to switch from New House, where I was temped for all of 3 days, into MacGregor, where I arrived just in time for in-house rush and knew basically nothing about the dorm. I wasnt placed into my top choices for dorm or entry and I didnt really have friends, since it seemed like everyone else already knew each other from FPOPs (pre-orientation programs which have been blogged about plenty of times) and I dont do so well on the meeting-new-people front. This particular blog resulted from channeling all this nervous energy into organizing my stuff and writing, strategies I still use today to try and quell anxiety. I think trying to make my room look more like home, however barren those pictures are compared to my current room, helped me feel a little more at home. One of my favorite bits is the fact that I highlighted my Seahawks pillow that pillowcase has seen so many tears of happiness and sorrow (football-related and otherwise) and still acts as a reminder that Seattle will always be home to me. Sorry, Boston. But enough with the reflections. The best way I can pay tribute to this throwback post is to recreate it with my current room! Itll be a little harder to choose individual stories to tell because Ive accumulated one or two (or twenty) more things But, without further ado: MIT Cribs II (March 5, 2015) After I moved into my room in B-Entry, Ive never really had a reason to move any of my stuff. Ive stayed on campus for two consecutive summers and MacGregor has stayed open, so thats the perfect recipe for laziness and (to some degree) hoarding. As a result, my once-barren room has accumulated a bunch of cooking supplies, wall decorations, books, and memorabilia. I guess this particular angle makes my room look a little messy, but I like covering all surfaces of my room with happy memories. I think thats what makes it feel a little more like home. Juice is a staple of my diet now, and mango lemonade (which is whats in this bottle) is definitely my favorite. Juice was kind of a staple at home, too, but now I think I might get most of my daily hydration through sugar water rather than normal water. Since I dont drink coffee or soda, my average beverage healthiness might be close to that of a normal college student? Bigger planner than the one from freshman year, decorated with a bunch of stickers I had lying around! All my assignments and to-do checklists throughout the week were getting illegible on smaller pages. Various wall decorations, including the 101 Things to Do Before You Graduate list (like this one, but for the 2016s), a cardboard rhinoceros head (my friend has a matching buffalo), a picture of my pup, an art print of all the scenes from The Way Way Back  (one of my favorite movies) compressed down and squished side-by-side, and some motivational notes given to me by friends and family. An alarm clock, because I have somehow gotten more nocturnal and less willing to wake up than I was in high school. Seriously, how did I ever wake up at around 6am every day to get to school by 7ish. This clock sounds like a fire alarm, which causes me to wake up in a panic but is, unsurprisingly, quite effective. My Seahawks pillow is obscured in this picture but I have plenty of 12th Man flags hanging around my room. I have one in my window which conveniently corresponds to the fact that I live on the 12th floor of MacGregor. Ive acquired a lot of art books since coming here. These two in particular are from Tangled and Frozen, but I love looking at the art styles of everything from cartoons to comics to video games. Even though I cant really take storyboarding or animation classes here, art books like these fuel my desire to become a storyboard artist or work on animated movies. My dad sent me this Washington sticker in a recent care package. I miss the West Coast. The button from that one time my friend and I won the Wicked lottery and got cheap tickets to see it in Boston. Since then, Ive seen lots of theater in Boston and New York (mostly thanks to student rush) and its been wonderful. One of Lydias Valentines  that she sent out to a bunch of friends. It was so sweet and surprising to find one in my mailbox, and definitely made my day. Shes the best Princess of the Internet  ? These are two message-in-a-bottle type notes that two of my best friends gave me (one from high school and one from MIT). They both came with a similar instruction something along the lines of read me when you really need it, and I havent gotten to that point yet. I dont know when Ill need them, or if even if Ill ever need them. But these are some of the most thoughtful gifts Ive ever recieved. Partially obscured behind Baby Luigi, this is a vectorized picture of two of my best friends from high school and me when we visited the Crayola factory. I never colored it in with crayons, but its still a really great memory from freshman year Thanksgiving. Badges from the Penny Arcade Expo (aka. PAX East) from the past couple years. Its a huge video game conference where you can revel in nerdiness and play a bunch of games, and this year it starts tomorrow! I still have the Troy and Abed in the Morning mug, and acquired 13 more mugs through random gifts (MedLinks, the Edward Gorey mug, etc.) or impulse buys (the TARDIS, Elsa and Anna concept art mugs, etc.) Even though I never have a need for more than 1 or 2 dirty mugs at any one time, my friends and I can now mass-produce mug cakes which I guess is a plus. Before college, I never really liked tea I just thought of it as glorified flavored water. But now I have several kinds of peppermint and floral loose-leaf tea to help calm me down or keep me going during a long night of work. At the end of last year, I saw Big Hero 6, loved it, and learned that they had limited edition Baymax cups at Disney theme parks. I mentioned this random tidbit in the middle of a phone call home, and my dad remembered it and surprised me at Christmas with one that he bought on eBay. My family is pretty excellent at giving surprising and meaningful gifts. Again with the PAX, but during freshman year I met one of the artists/designers who worked on Castle Crashers, an arcade-style action adventure game that has a wonderful visual style. I bought the blue knight figurine from the booth and he signed it on the side of the display case with a little doodle. I, of course, blubbered and thanked him for his work and told him I admired his art (or something along those lines I dont exactly remember the interaction very well.) Playbills from some of the theater performances that Ive been to in New York. Specifically, these are from when I stage-doored If/Then  and fangirled over Idina Menzel and Anthony Rapp and the rest of the stellar cast, and when I stage-doored Waiting for Godot  and fangirled over Sir Ian McKellen and Sir Patrick Stewart. Such good theater and its so close by. Time turner necklace, because if I could have a superpower it would definitely be to manipulate time. A figurine of  Vitruvius from the LEGO movie! Dr. Horrible goggles, which I recieved from a friend my freshman year of high school after we discovered Dr. Horribles Sing-Along Blog together. Which everyone should watch. And heres the current view from my window, facing down dorm row instead of the other way down Memorial Drive. Its significantly snowier right now than it was in September, so the Charles is pretty much just a blanket of snow and ice. Sometimes I just stare out the window for a while as the sun sets, since I have a really beautiful view of the lights punctuating the Boston skyline and cars lined up across the Harvard bridge. This is by no means a comprehensive view of everything in my room, but its cool to see how some things have changed so much since freshman year (even though sometimes it doesnt feel like Ive done all that much since coming here). Post Tagged #MacGregor House

Basic Section Township and Range Charts

The Incarceration Of Prison Policy - 913 Words

Imagine spending 23 hours a day locked in a tiny concrete cell, smaller than some closets. There is no human contact, no windows to look outside, and hardly anything to stimulate your senses. The other 1 hour you will spend in recreation, which is nothing more than a cage outside, barely larger than your room. There is no space to run, no view of the outside world. You’ll never even see a blade of grass during your stay. This is solitary confinement, something many say is a sentence worse than death. In the United States today, there are over 80,000 prisoners currently in solitary confinement. It was originally proposed as a rehabilitative means, however, it has been proven to cause more damage than anything, ultimately provoking more violence and causing mental deterioration. Some prisoners may even end up spending an entire life sentence in solitary confinement, which defeats the purpose of rehabilitation. It is often viewed as a mere act of torture. According to the Prison Policy Organization, â€Å"An estimated 56 percent of state prisoners, 45 percent of federal prisoners, and 64 percent of jail inmates have a mental health problem† (Mental). Most inmates need help, not to just be locked away and kept apart from the world. Many can, and will with the correct treatment, function as a safe member of the community. As a society, we have come a long way in the area of mental health and have become more humane in the way we deal with societal issues, such as crime, and shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Incarceration Of Prison Policy1418 Words   |  6 PagesGenerally, prison policy might lack saliency among most individuals. Prison policy seems to have that pattern where it is significant to some and not to others; that is also relevant in states because of their variety in issues. Prison legislation is like most legislation relevant to whom it affects. In this situation we see that prison overcrowding bothers a majority of inmates, some of the courts, a nd the states. Inmates do not vote, so it is understandable that congress lacks interest. In mostRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The Prison Policy Institute1369 Words   |  6 Pages Attention TIA Credibility Thesis/ Topic statement INTRODUCTION I. According to the prison policy Institute there are currently 2.4 million Americans incarcerated in the United States with nearly 40% of that number being drug related offenses. Further the United states only makes up five percent of the worlds population, but we make up 25% of the worlds prison population and if you factor in the 40% of that 25% being drug offenders you can see that nearly a tenth of the worlds incarcerated areRead MoreMass Incarceration802 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander identifies the racialized mass incarceration problem that we have in our criminal justice system. Reading the book, you can see that mass incarceration is a social problem. This means that the problem can follow the six stages of the policy process. If I were a claimsmaker, I could assert that mass incarceration is a problem by following the six stages. In the claimsmaking stage, I would claim that the War on Drugs creates the racialized mass incarceration in our society today. To show thatRead MoreRacial Disparities Of Mass Incarceration1572 Words   |  7 PagesRacial disparities in mass incarceration Introduction Mass Incarceration in the United States has been a large topic of choice because rapid growth in the prison and jail populations, the long sentences the inmates face, and the inability for some inmates to incorporate themselves back into society. Since the 1970’s the U.S. prison population quadrupled from 158 to 635 people per 100,000, causing the U.S. to gain the title of country with the highest incarceration rate. (Massoglia, Firebaugh, Read MoreMass Incarceration : A Major Problem Within The United States1695 Words   |  7 PagesMass incarceration has recently become a major problem within the United States. Although crime rates have dropped since the 1990s, incarceration rates have soared. This trend is largely associated with increased enforcement of drug-related crimes. Unfortunately, though not surprisingly, this problem involves racial discrepancies when regarding these mass incarcerations. Incarcerations appear to be the most prominent throughout urban areas and t he south, which happen to be the areas where AfricanRead MoreMass Incarceration : A New Form Of Slavery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesMass Incarceration: A New Form of Slavery in the United States Lorena P. Ambriz History 12A Abstract Starting in the 1970s, the rising rate of imprisonment came to be known as Mass Incarceration. What was once an average of 100 people getting imprisoned for every 100,000 adults, prior to the 1970s, has now grown to become more than 600 individuals per every 100,000 adults imprisoned. With only five present of the total world population, The United States holds an astonishing 25 percent of theRead MoreThe Lack Of Reintegration Programs And Mass Incarceration Of African Americans912 Words   |  4 Pagesreintegration programs and mass incarceration of African Americans in the United. Mass incarceration amongst African Americans has had a catastrophic impact on families and communities and continues to create a cycle of discrimination, which makes its nearly impossible as a race to progress. Because of the soaring incarceration rate in the United States, many prisons are over populated and lack resources and support to help inmates succeed once released from prisons. Since there is an insufficiencyRead MoreAmerican Incarceration : Where We Are, And What Can Be Done?1518 Words   |  7 PagesYasir Choudhury Dr. Joà £o Vargas UGS 303 Mass Incarceration 5 October 2015 American Incarceration: Where We Are, and What Can be Done From its early inception as a necessary aspect of modern society to its broken state that can be seen today, the American penal system has changed radically in recent history from an institution that performed the duty of safeguarding the public from those too dangerous to be left unsupervised to a business model concerned more with generating a profit for shareholdersRead MoreThe Sentencing Policies For Crimes1357 Words   |  6 PagesWhen America changed the sentencing policies for crimes, primarily drug crimes, in America, the effect this change would have in the poor communities were impossible to imagine. The policies which were changed to get tougher on drug crimes on the federal level followed with mass incarceration in the prison system. This was especially true with young African American males in largely poor communities. So these policies not only created a mass incarceration but also racially targeted certain raceRead MoreMass Incarceration And Its Effects On The Unit ed States Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesMass incarceration is a major problem in the United States. Since the tough on crime movement that began to emphasize more punishment and creating new policies such as; three strikes law, truth-in sentencing laws, mandatory sentencing, and determinate sentencing, our prisons and jails have become overcrowded. The three strikes law increases the prison sentence of an offender convicted of three felonies or serious crime. Usually the punishment ranges from a minimum of 25 years to life in prison. The

The Legacy of Louis Leakey Free Essays

The search for the explanation of human origins is the goal and often life long commitment of many Anthropologists. Every time a major discovery is made we move closer to discovering a piece of the puzzle that is human evolution. Major contributions have been made by a number of men and women. We will write a custom essay sample on The Legacy of Louis Leakey or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the more famous names like Raymond Dart, and Tim White are known for the huge discoveries they made. However, no name is more famous in the search for human origins then Leakey. The Leakey legacy began with Louis Leakey more then seventy years ago when he graduated from Cambridge University. Mary Leakey became part of the legacy with her marriage to Louis in 1934. Richard Leakey, son of Mary and Louis, and his wife Meave Leakey further added to the accomplishments of his family by following in his parents footsteps. It is the amazing dedication of each member in the Leakey family that separates them from other anthropologists, and makes them the greatest contributors in the search for an explanation to our past. Louis Leakey was born near Nairobi, Kenya in 1903. His birth was the beginning of a family legacy in Archeology that still continues today. Some people say he was born to be an archaeologist. L. Leakey went to school at Cambridge University, majoring in Anthropology. After graduating in 1926, Leakey got a job as an African expert on an archaeological mission to Tanzania. Afterward, he returned to Cambridge to continue his studies of Anthropology. While studying again at Cambridge Louis began to develop his view that early man had developed in Africa. Louis left Cambridge returning again to Tanzania to study the Olduvai Gorge and the Homo sapiens skeleton. He was amazed with his work at Olduvai but decided he could always come back so he left to go on his own expeditions. Louis Leakey was now 23 and studying many sites where he found many interesting things, such as tools, bones and other artifacts. A few years of this fieldwork gained Leakey honorable recognition from other archaeologists, and subsequently he was awarded with a two year Fellowship at St. John†s College in England. Louis was now a very busy man, he published his first book The Stone Age Cultures of Kenya Colony during this time. Also, while working at St. John†s Leakey got a grant to return to Olduvai Gorge. Louis Leakey was beginning to become a big name in the world of Archeology. Working at Olduvai Gorge he discovered the oldest Homo sapiens in the world. However, many people had begun to contradict his theories on human origins and their roots in Africa. Louis continued to make discoveries in Africa where he found older skulls that could be proved of their age. On returning to England, Louis was shocked to find out that his reputation was in great danger. However, these doubts did not last long after he argued his reputation back at a conference in Cambridge. People were once again starting to believe in his discoveries. Louis Leakey†s problems were not over after the conference in Cambridge. In 1936 he encountered financial problems, so he was forced to write his autobiography, White Africa. That book along with another, about the Kikuyu culture, was enough to bring him out of debt. At this same time he met his wife to be, Mary Nicol. Mary was also interested in human origins and would go on to further enhance the Leakey legacy (see later section focused on Mary Leakey). In 1939 Leakey became a Civilian Intelligence Officer for the Kenyan government, and was later drafted to the African Intelligence Department. At the end of WWII his work included collecting information for the government as a spy. In June of 1947, Leakey returned to Archaeology at an excavation site on Rusinga Island. He discovered the first Proconsul skull with a complete face in 1949. Unfortunately for Leakey this was not the missing link, but it was a link between monkey and ape. The discovery also blessed Louis with an increase of research funds. With the much-needed money Leakey continued work at Rusinga where he found more artifacts, and more Proconsul remains. In 1951 Louis decided to return to the site were he began his work. He and Mary went back to the Olduvai site, here he searched for the man that created tools. This is where Louis would make his greatest discovery. In 1959 his excavations paid off, Leakey and his wife found a new skeleton that he called â€Å"Zinj†. The skeleton was put on display at the fourth Pan African Congress where it caused madness among the people there. It also caused Louis and Mary some new worldwide fame, and a considerable amount of money to continue excavation work at Olduvai. In his final years Louis worked at the Corynkon Museum and Mary took over the excavation with Louis visiting in all of his free time. Louis died in 1972 of a heart attack at the age of 69. Louis had only begun to uncover the many mysteries that the Leakeys are known for. His wife Mary continued the work he started and began her own legacy with many new discoveries. Mary D. Leakey was born Mary Nicol on February 6, 1913 in London, England. She lived a difficult childhood which saw her growing up in a number of different countries, and finally in Dorgogne. It was there at the age of eleven that her interest was sparked in prehistory after meeting Abbe Lemozi, who was excavating at the Cavrerets. Upon her father†s death in 1926, Mary†s life changed drastically. Her mother sent her to Catholic convent after convent where she was repeatedly expelled. Although Mary†s childhood education was not all that impressive, she vowed to earn a degree in prehistory after seeing the caves of Dorgogne. As a result of amazing determination, she began attending lectures at the University of London concerning archaeology and geology. Mary†s first opportunity to enter the field occurred when her incredible drawing skills were discovered by Dr. Gertrude Canton-Thompson who asked her to illustrate her book The Desert Fayoum. Dr. Canton-Thompson changed Mary†s life forever by arranging for her to meet Louis Leakey while he was giving a talk at the Royal Anthropologists Institute. Mary impressed him with her illustrations from The Desert Fayoum and he in turn asked her to illustrate his book, Adam†s Ancestors. Her acceptance was the beginning of a relationship that only grew from there. In May of 1934, Mary began her first important excavation at Hembury Fort in Devon. Mary learned many things from her leader Dorothy Liddell, who was an expert in excavation techniques. In the September of the same year, Mary began her own excavation at Jaywick Sands near Clacton in Essex and also published her first scientific paper. Mary joined her husband to work at Olduvai Gorge from 1935 to 1959. Together they worked to reconstruct many Stone Age cultures dating as far back as 100,000 to two million years ago. Their documentation of stone tools covered primitive stone-chopping instruments to multi-purpose hand axes. In 1947, Mary and Louis unearthed a Proconsul africanus skull on Rusinga Island. The twenty million-year-old skeleton led to Mary and Louis jointly being awarded the Stopes Medal from the Geological Association. Mary continued work with her husband making numerous discoveries. In 1959 they discovered a 1. 75 million-year-old Australopithecus boisei skull. Not long after that discovery, a less robust Homo habilis skull and bones of a hand were found. Both fossils were believed to be of stone-tool peoples. Continued efforts blessed them with the uncovering of a Homo erectus cranium in 1965. The sample is thought to be one million years old. Mary made her first trip to the United States in March of 1962, when she and Louis once again jointly receive honors with the Gold Hubbard Medal (the highest honor from the National Geographic Society). Mary continued her amazing career by earning her first Honorary Degree from the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. Mary†s life was turned upside down in 1972 when Louis died. Mary decided to continue the work her husband loved so much, and proceeded on with work at Olduvai and Laetoli. It was at Laetoli where she discovered Homo fossils more than 3. 75 years old, fifteen new species and one new genus. Mary†s greatest achievement was the discovery of the famous Laetoli hominid footprint trail, which was left in volcanic ashes 3. 6 million years ago. Mary and her staff worked for years to uncover the footprint. The find at Laetoli was huge in the argument for bipedalism in hominids. The years that followed were filled with research at Olduvai and Laetoli, the follow-up work and preparing publications. Mary retired in 1984, and spent the rest of her time writing until her death in 1996 at the age of 83. Mary†s death could have signified the end of the Leakey legacy. However, Mary and Louis†s son Richard has followed right behind his parents and continued the Leakey tradition. Richard Leakey was raised by the world†s best-known archaeologists. He grew up observing and tracking Africa†s rich diversity of wildlife while his parents were discovering ancient pre-human bones in Tanzania†s Olduvai Gorge. Richard left high school at the age of seventeen to begin a career working with wildlife and leading a photographic safari company. Richard eventually began to focus more on Archaeology and in 1968 he made his first important fossil finds when his team uncovered unusually well preserved ancient human remains in Kenya†s Lake Turkana region. In the same year, Leakey, then only 23, was hired as director of the National Museum of Kenya which, over the course of 21 years, he was to build into one of the most respected museums in Africa. In 1984, Richard and his â€Å"Hominid Gang† of fossil hunters discovered fragments of a boy†s skull that were more then 1. 5 million years old. They soon unearthed virtually the entire skeleton of what was dubbed the â€Å"Turkana Boy†, which is recognized as one of the most significant paleoanthropological discoveries of all time. In 1970, Richard married Meave Leakey who he had worked with for about a year at the Koobi Fora site on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana. They had two children, Louise and Samira, in 1972 and 1974 respectively. Meave became the final ingredient in the Leakey legacy. As well as continuing with the fieldwork at Turkana, Meave†s research has focused on the evolution of east African fossil mammals and mammalian faunas as documented in the Turkana basin. Meave became the coordinator of the National Museum†s palaeontological field research, when Richard Leakey left his job as Director of the National Museum to take over the management of Kenya†s wildlife. She has focused her work on sites between 8 and 4 million years old. Her work led to the 1994 discovery of the earliest known hominids. These finds represent a new species, Australopithecus anamensis, likely an ancestor of afarensis. Richard and Meave still to this day are carrying on the Leakey tradition of excellence in Archaeology. Louis, Mary, Richard, and Meave Leakey truly are the greatest Anthropologists to ever share one name. Between them they have made countless discoveries which each dramatically contributed to our understanding of human origins. The Leakey tradition is one of dedication, honor, and amazing accomplishment. Their involvement in our search for an explanation of human evolution has truly become a legacy. The Leakey legacy will always be remembered as the greatest contribution to the search for answers. How to cite The Legacy of Louis Leakey, Essay examples

Effect of Social Media on Consumer Buying Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Social Media on Consumer Buying Behavior? Answer: Introduction Background to the study Social media has been playing an effective role in different aspects like business, advertising and education. Consumers have progressively utilized technology in particular as an effective source for online shopping process (Tuten and Solomon 2013). In this research, the focus of the topic would be to assess social media on consumer behavior of Apple. Research problem The major problem in this research is that due to lack of proper advertising, the consumers are not satisfied with some products of Apple. Moreover, the software quality is not improved. Consumer analysis is highly predicted because effect of social media increases product distribution of Apple accessories and phones (Tuten and Solomon,2013). Research aim The aim of the research is to identify the effectiveness of social media on consumer buying behavior in Apple. Research objectives To identify how social media has affected consumers of Apple To evaluate the effect of social media that has a link on consumer buying behavior To recommend practices of social media for increasing consumer buying behavior in Apple Literature review Characteristics of Social media Social media is a process that attains gaining attention of target audience through social media site (Albarran 2013). In case of Apple, social media would be helpful because it will attract the consumers through Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest and others. On marketing social media, consumers find various types of messages, tweets, news feed instantly through social networking sites. However, social networking websites allows the individual and other businesses to interact in building relationships. In order, when the company joins social channels, the consumers directly interact with them. Additionally, social networking sites would act as word of mouth (Dagher and Itani 2014). This will follow different types of posts and tweet according to connections made through social networks. It is also seen that social networks is associated by building viral communities. It allows the consumers to express their thoughts, needs, and values through online. Moreover, if a model is devel oped on social media, then there needs to be followed like definition of financial plan, promotion, performance, organizational structure, and potential resources of products and services (Estelami 2014). Generic theory of buying behavior It is observed for different purchases that consumer follows a generic model of decision-making process. Here, the buyers have to recognize a need that will make purchasing factors. It also develops pricing and products in the current market. For example, the decision of buying an iPhone would come if there would be a process of repair. It would also develop the cost of the item relatively. However, the consumers would also have to investigate the washing machines that have come into the market. Ultimately, the main point would be to evaluate pricing, benefits and features of the product in the market area for making a decision-process (Martins, Yusuf and Swanson 2012). Moreover, it would also help to purchase items that would be beneficial. Thus, if the consumer is satisfied with the performance of the product, then the purchase of the brand will be phenomenal in future. Research Methodology Research philosophy It provides the researcher to face obstacles to collect the data from different sources. Following a single philosophy for the research study, the investigator could get better path towards the exact results of the research. For this reason, the research philosophy is divided into four sections, which follows Positivism, Realism, Post-Positivism, and Interpretivism. Among these sections, the investigator has selected Positivism research philosophy to bring the full output of the study (Zanutto 2013). Although, the application of this research philosophy noticed different issues that will be discussed for clear understanding. Research Approach For the ultimate outcome, the investigator must organize the data in a most efficient way. It is differentiated in two sections namely Inductive and Deductive research approach. Among those inductive and deductive research approach, it is clear that both have different functions. The deductive one helps the investigator to gather crystal and transparent information that are relevant to the topic (Love 2012). Research strategy The investigator marks out a suitable strategy for developing the study. Here, the strategies include survey, case studies, experiments, etc. This topic needs an in-depth knowledge to access a good position (Goodson, Loveless and Stephens 2012). The investigator has selected Survey strategy. It has a scope to collect some helpful information and utilize various opinions concerning the research issues. Data collection procedure This procedure is allowed to collect the data from the marked population. Same as above it is of two kinds namely primary data collection and secondary data collection. The primary data collection process includes collection of data from those marked population. For executing the quantitative process, the investigator has conducted the survey procedure. It is seen that every question contains four to five options and among those, the candidates just have to select one option for each question and in case of qualitative data collection the investigator take appointment and interview session from those managers of the company to collect the data (Al, 2013). Here, the investigator has taken 50 respondents of Apple and 3 mangers to interpret quantitative and qualitative data collection method. Sampling method The investigator chooses the population in a very organized way because the probability of getting quality data is very high. In this process, the investigator chooses the managers to gather knowledge about the topic. In probability sampling process, the population is chosen in random (Love, 2012). Ethical considerations The collections of data through qualitative process are very confidential because the investigator has never published the data. The managers of the organization hide some data to maintain confidentiality. In order, this issue blocks the investigator to access good quality research (6 and Bellamy 2012). Moreover, the investigator confirms that these data will only be used for academic purpose and not for commercial one. Time Horizon Activities 1St Week 2nd week 3rd week 4th week 5th week 6th week 7th week Introduction Literature review Aims and Objectives Research approach Research methodology Secondary data analysis Evaluation on data Research monitoring Final Submission Table 1: Gantt chart Reference List 6, P. and Bellamy, C. (2012). Principles of methodology. London: SAGE. Al, S. (2013). Interpretive research design: concepts and processes. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(4), pp.351-352. Albarran, A. (2013). The social media industries. New York: Routledge. Dagher, G. and Itani, O. (2014). Factors influencing green purchasing behaviour: Empirical evidence from the Lebanese consumers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13(3), pp.188-195. Estelami, H. (2014). An ethnographic study of consumer financial sophistication. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13(5), pp.328-341. Goodson, I., Loveless, A. and Stephens, D. (2012). Explorations in narrative research. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. Love, K. (2012). Ethics in social research. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Martins, J., Yusuf, F. and Swanson, D. (2012). Consumer demographics and behaviour. Dordrecht: Springer. Tuten, T. and Solomon, M. (2013). Social media marketing. Boston: Pearson. Zanutto, A. (2013). Handbook of constructionist research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(1), pp.87-89.